![]() There are several factors such as sea temperature and to a lesser extent day length and body condition, sediment type ( Esselink and Zwarts, 1989) or size/age of polychaetes ( Esselink and Zwarts, 1989 Caron et al., 1996) which are known to alter burial depth in polychaetes. A burial depth between 5 and 10 cm was considered a safe refuge towards most benthic predators ( Esselink and Zwarts, 1989). solea including some species such as Arenicola marina (L.), Nereis diversicolor (Müller) or Alitta virens (Sars) (formerly known as Nereis virens (Sars)) known to bury below the first few centimeters ( Kristensen, 1984 Zwarts and Wanink, 1993 Caron et al., 1996). The Common sole, Solea solea has been described as a polychaete feeder ( Yazdani, 1969 De Groot, 1971). In contrast, no information was found on this topic for other benthic predator-prey relations. In contrast, density had no influence on prey consumption in lesser Scaup foraging on the clam Macoma baltica ( Richman and Lovvorn, 2004). Density affected blue crab predation on a variety of bivalve species, including the soft clam, in Chesapeake Bay ( Blundon and Kennedy, 1982 Lipcius and Hines, 1986). In contrast, the response of predator prey consumption towards densities of buried prey has received little attention and has mainly been studied in crabs foraging on bivalves. ![]() ![]() This correlation is explained by a decreased effort/time to search for prey at higher density. free swimming prey) the consumption of prey is positively correlated with prey density which has been confirmed in numerous studies for numerous species ( Rice and Cochran, 1984). Prey density may explain a considerable part of diet composition in opportunistic fish species. Key words: Alitta virens / prey density / Solea solea / foraging / functional response In contrast, polychaetes may not be an ideal prey for larger common sole as indicated by the absence of satiety regardless of prey density. virens may contribute to the diet of small common sole even when they are only moderately abundant. The data suggest that in nature, polychaetes such as A. Small common sole reached satiety prey consumption rates at nearly every prey density while large common sole did not reach satiation rates even at highest prey densities. In 300 g common sole the relationship between prey consumption and prey density was linear ( P < 0.001), whereas in 100 g common sole the relationship between prey density and prey eaten was polynomial ( P = 0.018). Relationships however differed between 100 and 300 g common sole. At both common sole classes studied, a positive correlation between prey consumption and prey density was observed ( P < 0.001). At each prey density common sole foraged for 48 h. The tested prey densities of 0.8, 2.2, 4.3 and 6.5 individuals dm −2 were exposed to common soles of either 100 g or 300 g. We examined the influence of prey density and fish size on prey consumption in common sole ( Solea solea L.) foraging on buried ragworm Alitta virens (Sars) (formerly known as Nereis virens (Sars)). ![]() * Corresponding author: Editor: Catarina Vinagre Verreth 2Īquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University,Īlfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Stephan Siegfried Werner Ende 1 ,2 ,3 *, Rajko Thiele 1, Johan W. ![]()
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